Carolina Clinchfield & Ohio Railway
- Clinchfield Railroad Home Page
- History | Design | Surveys | Railroad Battles | Construction
- George L. Carter | M.J. Caples | John B. Dennis
- Predecessors | CRRR | 3Cs | OR&C | S&W | CC&O
- Maps | Mileposts | Stations | Connections | Branches/Spurs | Yards | Sidings | High Line | Bridges | Tunnels | Grades | Loops
- Locomotives | Diesels | Steam | Challengers | No. 1
- Operations | Freight | Passenger | Timetables | Wrecks | Dispatcher’s Sheet
- Corporate Couplings | Family Lines | Seaboard System | CSX | Closure/Reopening
- CSX/CRR Today | CSX Kingsport Sub | CSX Blue Ridge Sub
- Railfanning | Restaurant Guide | CRR 800
- Destinations | Elkhorn City | Breaks | Dante | Speers Ferry | Kingsport | Johnson City | Erwin | Nolichucky Gorge | Spartanburg | and more
- Clinchfield Model Railroads
- Resources: Books | Scholars | Museums
- Clinchfield.org: Editor | Site Map
- Related Websites: Appalachian-Railroads.org | Southern-Railroads.org
Carolina Clinchfield & Ohio Railway – CC&O – Clinchfield Predecessor
The Carolina Clinchfield & Ohio Railway (CC&O) was formed in 1908 by combining the South & Western Railway, the Lick Creek & Lake Erie Railroad, the Elkhorn Southern Railway, and the Clinchfield Northern Railway. When the initial segment of the CC&O was completed in 1909, it ran from Dante Virginia to Spartanburg South Carolina.
In 1915, the railroad’s northern terminus was extended to Elkhorn City Kentucky from Dante Virginia. George L. Carter, the visionary leader and one of the financiers of the railroad, drove the final spike. Blair & Company, a Wall Street Investment firm, provided much of the financing for what many consider the most expensive (per-mile) railroad ever built up to that decade.
In 1924, the CC&O was leased to the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad and the Louisville & Nashville Railway. It’s name was then changed to the Clinchfield Railroad, CRR. Even though the lease took place in 1924, the financial terms were retroactive to 1923.
The CC&O was owned by its original shareholders and existed in name and legal documents from 1908 to 1924
See the History of the Clinchfield Railroad and the Predecessors of the Clinchfield Railroad for more information.
CC&O’s Original Name: South & Western Railway (S&W)
The temporary name of the CC&O for six years was the South and Western Railway (1902-1908). It was vaguely named so that competitors and land speculators would not be tipped off as to the real routing of the railroad. There was no doubt that George L. Carter had a better business plan, was shrewder, and knew how to secure the needed investment. Additionally, Carter had some very skilled executives in M. J. Caples and John B. Dennis to guide him in the development and construction of the railroad.
The following three railroads were bought or merged with the S&W, to eventually create the CC&O in 1908.
Clinchfield.org Sources and Resources
The following are excellent resources for those of you wanting to explore and learn more about the Clinchfield Railroad. These sources of information also serve as reference and historical materials for Clinchfield.org. Much of the content on the website is verified across multiple sources.
- Association: Carolina Clinchfield Chapter National Railway Historical Society
- Association: Louisville & Nashville Railroad Historical Society
- Association: George L. Carter Railroad Historical Society
- Association: Watauga Valley Railroad Historical Society
- Personal maps, timetables, track charts, and memorabilia
- Archives of Appalachia – ETSU, Johnson City TN
- Book – Drury: ‘The Historical Guide to North American Railroads’
- Book – Goforth: ‘Building the Clinchfield’ and ‘When Steam Ran the Clinchfield’
- Book – Graybeal: ‘The Railroads of Johnson City’
- Book – Helm: ‘The Clinchfield Railroad in the Coal Fields’
- Book – Irwin & Stahl: ‘The Last Empire Builder: The Life of George L. Carter’
- Book – King: ‘Clinchfield Country’
- Book – Marsh: ‘Clinchfield in Color’
- Book – Poole: ‘A History of Railroading in Western North Carolina’
- Book – Poteat & Taylor: ‘The CSX Clinchfield Route in the 21st Century’
- Book – Stevens & Peoples: ‘The Clinchfield No. 1 – Tennessee’s Legendary Steam Engine’
- Book – Way: ‘The Clinchfield Railroad, the Story of a Trade Route Across the Blue Ridge Mountains’
- Magazines – ‘Trains‘ , ‘Classic Trains‘
- Newspaper Articles – Newspapers.com
- Online Article – Scientific American: ‘The Costliest Railroad in America‘
- Online Article – Classic Trains: ‘Remembering the Clinchfield Railroad‘
- Online Article – Railway Age: ‘This Coal Road Is Also A Speedy Bridge Line,’ Sept 1, 1952 edition
- Online Article – ‘Railway Signaling and Communications‘
- Online Article – Flanary: ‘The Quick Service Route, The Clinchfield Railroad‘
- Online Article – Flanary: ‘Men Against Mountains, Running Trains on the Clinchfield‘ October 2001
- Online Video – Ken Marsh on Kingsport area railroads and region’s history Video #1
- Online Video – Ken Marsh on railroads and region’s history Video #2:
- Website – Carolana.com – North Carolina Railroads, South Carolina Railroads
- Website – Johnson’s Depot hosted by StateOfFranklin.net
- Website – RailFanGuides.us for Johnson City and for Erwin
- Website – The Radio Reference Wiki
- Website – SteamLocomotive.com
- Website – VirginiaPlaces.org – Railroad History of Virginia
- Website – Multimodalways.org
Contact Us at Clinchfield.org
Would enjoy hearing from you if you have questions, suggestions, edits, or content that you are willing to share. Don’t hesitate to reach out if you have similar interests in the Clinchfield or Model Railroads.
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Appalachian-Railroads.org | Clinchfield.org | Southern-Railroads.org
